ࡱ> 65K( / 0LDArialx~E(0(z[ 0 @ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` p 0 (     0AA33@wʚ;ʚ;g4AdAd@z[ 0(ppp@ <4ddddl 0P~E <4KdKdl< 080___PPT10 ?  %T6CHEMICAL CONTROL PAST & PRESENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES*7 #Applied research yields management technology Chemical control techniques based on research Evolution of current techniques ~ 20 years 0]*CRITICAL EVENTS bRegistration of fluridone - 1986 Whole-lake manipulations  early 1990 s Species-selective control  mid 1990 s Herbicide resistance  late 1990 s Interaction w/ USEPA  2000 s   REGISTRATION OF FLURIDONE - 1986!! HOperational failures  linked to concentration/exposure time (CET) relationships Lower rates + Longer contact times Water Exchange Processes Larger treatment blocks2QTPWHOLE-LAKE MANIPULATIONS  early 1990 s)) Target all invasive weeds in lake Requires real-time water residues for repeated dosing Led to immunoassay techniques for residue monitoring Economically feasible to treat large F"l&$NSPECIES-SELECTIVE CONTROL  mid 1990 s(( To protect habitat, large-scale treatments must be species-selective Linked to CET s Linked to timing of applications Phenology of target and non-target plants Broad spectrum products can be selective8Eu),O# JDHERBICIDE RESISTANCE  late 1990 s## vFluridone resistant hydrilla Diquat resistant duckweed Others? Stimulated industry to develop and market new chemistry*?8}?86  T HINTERACTION w/ USEPA  21st Century0%     1977-01  2 new herbicides registered: glyphosate; fluridone - only 6 actives total 2001-05  3 new Section 3 labels granted: triclopyr, imazapyr, carfentrazone-ethyl - 3 EUP s: penoxsulam, imazamox, flumioxazin Y2K  EPA trained in aquatic weeds 101 1(  J*"&+      * FUTURE of CHEMICAL CONTROL  Prescriptive habitat management driven by species-selective control - reduced risk to humans, fish & wildlife, T&E species - potable water & irrigation issues - recreation & property values - coordination with EPA, IR-4, agencies, institutions, etc z*PPPP*  ` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> $(    6ľE  `} E T Click to edit Master title style! !  0E  ` E RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0E ^ ` E X*  0tE ^  E Z*  0